mientras el Ahit Meshopar se va a utilizar para los pilotos de todos los demas modelos
Origins:
The Su 30 MKI is a customized Su 27 PU (ASCC codename: Flanker) built according to Indian specifications. The M is for Modernized, K for Commercial and I for Indiski (India). It is probably the first time that an aircraft has been built in Russia for a foreign customer specifications.
The Su 30 was evaluated along-with the Mirage 2000-5, and found to be cheaper, hence was chosen. The Su 27 was first evaluated by the IAF in 1994, when a team led by the CAS (ACM S.K.Kaul) in Russia.
The contract for the first 40 Su 30 fighters was signed in 1996, and the aircraft originally supposed to be delivered in batches and in a phased manner from 1997 through till 2000, with each batch being progressively more improved that the previous batch.In 1998, the IAF signed another contract for the delivery of a further 10 aircraft, originally scheduled to be delivered to Indonesia.
In October of 2000, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed, which paved the way for a complete Transfer of Technology and the manufacture of a further 140 Su 30 MKIs in India by the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited(HAL). The deliveries were not with out their delays, which were flayed in the India media, however, the first batch of Su 30 MKIs were delivered in mid 2002 to the Lohegaon AFB in Pune.
There are now 2 squadrons, the No 24 Hunting Hawks with the Su 30 MKs and the No. 20 Lightnings with the Su 30 MKIs. The full spec Su 30 MKI is however not delivered, with a few software updates remaining.
The second Su-30MKI prototype that was also converted Su-27 UB. ( Photo Sukhoi)
Specifications:
Physical Dimensions:
- Length: 21.9 mts
- Span: 14.7 mts
- Height: 6.4 mts
- Weights:
Take Off weights; Normal: 24,900 kgs, Maximum: 34,500 kgs
- Service ceiling: 17.3 kms
- Range:
On internal fuel only: 3000 kms, With on mid-air refueling: 5200 kms
G limits: +9/ -?
- Climb rate: 45,300 feet/min
- Speed:
At sea-level: 1350 kmph, at 11,000 mts: Mach 2+
- Engines:
Su-30K/Su-30MK: 2xAl 31F Turbofans, each rated at 27,500 lbs, full afterburner thrust
Su-30 MKI: 2xAl 31FP Turbofans, each rated at 29,400 lbs full afterburner thrust. The Al 31 FPs has thrust vectoring nozzles. The nozzles are capable of deflecting 32 degrees in the horizontal plane and 15 degrees in the vertical plane.
The engines reportedly have an MTBO of ~1000 hours, while the TV nozzles have an MTBO of ~250 hours. Su 30 MKIs also can use the Mk 32.B buddy-buddy refueling pods.
Cockpit
The crew is provided by zero-zero KD-36DM ejection seats which have a slightly modified communication/oxygen interface block compared to the earlier Su-27 blocks. Rear seat is raised for better visibility. The cockpit will be provided with containers to store food and water reserves, a waste disposal system and increased amounts of oxygen. The KD-36DM ejection seat is inclined at 30º.
The French company Sextant Avionique will supply six liquid colour displays, five MFD 55s and one MFD 66, for both the pilot and his WSO (Weapons System Officer), the Totem inertial guidance system (dual-INS) with the GPS technology and the VEH 3000 holographic HUD.
The pilot also has the Gzarkhov 45A HMS (Helmet Mounted Sight) unit, which can guide the R 73s and the R60 MKs.
Airframe
The Su 30 MKI is a twin-finned aircraft. The airframe is constructed of titanium and high-strength aluminium alloys. The engine nacelles are fitted with trouser fairings to provide a continuous streamlined profile between the nacelles and the tail beams. The central beam section between the engine nacelles consists of the equipment compartment, fuel tank and the brake parachute container. The fuselage head is of semi-monocoque construction and includes the cockpit, radar compartments and the avionics bay. Su 30 MKIs also have a high percentage of composites used in the air-frame.
Stability and control are assured by a digital FBW. The canard notably assists in controlling the aircraft at large angles of attack (AoA) and bringing it to a level flight condition.
The N011-M Bars Radar for the Su 30 MKI is a phased array system with a powerful processor and multiple targets track capability using NCTR methods. (Photo Sukhoi)
Avionics
The main sensor on the Su 30 MKI is the N011M Phased Array radar. It is a multi-mode dual frequency (X- and L-band channels, NATO I and D band) radar. It detects targets using a Non Co-operative Targeting method. It is designed to detect fighter-sized targets at 150-160 kms range, and can track 20 targets, while engaging 8. It is capable of interleaving air-to-air and air-to-ground modes. In an air-to-ground mode, it can acquire surface targets at ranges of up to 200 km (and for large resolution targets, upto 400 kms) and provide ground-mapping, terrain-following, and terrain-avoidance functions. Small ground targets, like tanks, could be detected out to 40-50 km.
- Air-to-Air Modes: Velocity Search, Range While Search, Track While Scan, target ID, close combat modes.
- Air-to-Surface Modes: Real beam mapping, DBS mapping, SAR mapping, moving ground target selection, tracking and measuring of ground target coordinates.
Anti-shipping Modes: Sea surface search, moving sea targets selection, tracking and measuring of sea target coordinates, sea target ID.
Antenna diameter is 1m, antenna gain 36dB, the main side lobe level is -25dB, average side lobe level is -48dB, beam width is 2.4 deg with 12 distinct beam shapes. The antenna weighs 100-110kg. It is both mechanically and electronically scanned to give increased field of view over a fixed phased array antenna.
The Bars radar uses an Indian Radar controller, under the Project Vetrivale (Lance of Victory). The project also has developed the mission computer and the display processors for the aircraft.
The radar can also serve as a command post for other aircraft, with target coordinates being automatically transferred to at least four other aircraft using a secure data link.
The aircraft has an opto-electronic surveillance & targeting system which consists of an IR direction finder, laser rangefinder and helmet mounted sight system. The OLS-30M, developed by UOMZ company has a vibration-proof receiver, micro-cryogenic system, improved service life and new software, with respect to the earlier OLS-27. Range is claimed to be 90km in pursuit and 40km head-on.
The communications equipment comprises VHF and HF radio sets, a secured digital telecommunications system, and antenna-feeder assembly. It mounts an automatic noise-proof target data exchange system, which provides for coordination of the actions of several fighter aircraft engaged in a group air combat. It is under the INCOM series, by HAL.
Self Defense Systems
The self-defence suite incorporates a newly developed accurate Radar Warning Receiver (RWR), called the Tarang Mk. II. The Su 30 MKI incorporates a number of chaff/ flare dispensers and active jammers. The Tarang system is a modified version of that fitted to the MiG 21 Bison. The Tarang was also developed under the Project Vetrivale.
MKI Code 01 showing its underwing load. (Photo Sukhoi)
Armament
Maximum External load: 8000 kgs.
Internal gun: GSh-301, 30 mm, single barrel gun with a capacity of 170 rounds. Normally however, only 150 rounds are loaded. The gun is said to be very accurate and has a high rate of fire of 1500-1800 rounds per minute. Range against ground and air targets is 200-800 mts and 1200-1800 mts respectively.
Hardpoints:
The Su 30 MKI has 12 hardpoints for carrying various weapons, including air-to-air and air-to ground munitions. This can be increased to 14 using multiple ejector racks.
Air To Air Missiles:
- R-77/RVV-AE - up to 6 (Range: Head-On 100 kms, ARH)
- R-27RE1/TE1/EP - up to 6 (Range: Head-On 70-130 kms, SARH/ IR/ Passive)
- R-73RDM1/2 - up to 6 (Range: 30 kms, IR)
Air-To Ground missiles:
- Kh-29L/T - up to 6 (Range: 30/ 12 kms, Laser/ TV)
- Kh-31A/P - up to 6 (Range: 70 kms, Active/ Passive)
- Kh-59M - up to 2 (Range 200 kms, Active)
Guided Munitions:
- KAB 500 KR/ 1500 KR - up to 6
- KAB 250L/500L - up to 3
Unguided Munitions:
- FAB-500T - up to 8
- FAB/OFAB-100/-120/250-270 - up to 28
- RBK-500 - up to 8
- S-80M/S-8MB - up to 80
S 25 OFM-PU à Upto 4 pcs
A line up of Indian Su-30 MKI's (Photo Sanjay Simha via Bharat-Rakshak)
References
Vayu Aerospace Review
http://www.overscan.co.uk/Avionics.html
www.bharat-rakshak.coms IAF page: http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Aircr ... index.html
Vayu-Sena's Su-30MKI info page: http://vayu-sena.tripod.com/info-su30mki.html#5
Aircraftstories Web Page: http://www.flanker.free.fr/mono/Texte/s ... u30mki.htm
F-16I SOUFA FIGHTER AND GROUND ATTACK AIRCRAFT, ISRAEL
The F-16I Soufa ("Storm") is a modified variant of the F-16D Block 50 and 52 fighter and ground attack aircraft, with the avionics and weapons systems capability modified to meet the requirements of the Israeli Air Force. Israel ordered 50 F-16I aircraft in 2001 and signed the agreement for an optional additional 52 aircraft in September 2001. The Israeli Air Force has selected the F16I in a two-seat configuration only.
The production program, Peace Marble V, is the fifth acquisition of F-16s and will increase the number of Israeli Air Force F-16 aircraft to 362, giving the IAF the largest fleet of F-16 fighters apart from the USA.
The F16I Soufa made its maiden flight in December 2003. The first two aircraft were delivered to the IAF at the Ramon Air Base, in February 2004. Deliveries will be completed at a rate of about two per month over four years, with final delivery in 2008.
There is a significant level of airframe co-production and avionics component production in Israel for the Soufa and for other variants of the F-16. IAI and Cyclone Aviation Products Ltd in Carmiel manufacture the ventral fins, rudders, horizontal stabilisers and engine access doors. The aircraft are assembled at the Lockheed Martin Aeronautics facility in Fort Worth, Texas.
F-16I SOUFA FIGHTER DESIGN
The F-16I is fitted with a pair of removable conformal fuel tanks provided by IAI. The conformal fuel tanks (CFT), holding 450 US gallons of extra fuel, are mounted on both sides of the upper fuselage. The very low drag configuration CFTs have a very small effect on the aircraft's agility, handling quality and flight limits. The use of the conformal tanks increases the aircraft's mission range and combat endurance.
The fitting of conformal tanks makes the two wing inner store stations normally used for external tanks (stations 6 and 4, each rated at 4,500lb capacity) available for weapon carriage, doubling the aircraft's air-to-ground weapons capacity.
The F16I is fitted with a dorsal avionics compartment. The first version produced with the dorsal compartment was the Israeli two-seat Block 30 F-16D aircraft, produced in the late 1980s. The large dorsal compartment extends from the rear of the cockpit to the fin and houses additional avionics systems, chaff and flare dispensers and the aircraft's in-flight refuelling receptacle.
F-16I SOUFA FIGHTER COCKPIT
The front cockpit is for the pilot and the rear cockpit is configured for the weapons systems operator or, with the change of a single switch, for a pilot instructor.
The Elbit Dash IV Display and Sight Helmet System enables the pilot to aim the weapon by looking the target. Dash IV shortens the lock-on procedure time for engagements. The helmet measures the pilot's line of sight to the target so the sensors, avionics and weapons are slaved to the target. Dash IV improves situation awareness by helping the pilots to visually detect targets at high angles off the nose of the aircraft, providing critical information in any direction the pilot looks.
The Soufa is fitted with a wide angle head up display from Elop and high definition (120ppi) 4in x 4in colour multi-function displays supplied by Astronautics C.A of Petah Tikva, Israel. Other new features include a colour moving map display, digital video recording equipment, cockpit lighting and external strip lighting compatible with night vision goggles and a high capacity data transfer set.
F-16I SOUFA FIGHTER AVIONICS
The Soufa has an advanced avionics suite including general avionics computer, colour display processors and interfaces all produced by Elbit Systems.
The communications systems include a Rafael UHF/VHF radio and an HF radio, Elta satellite communications and an IAI integrated tactical video data link.
The navigation system includes a combined ring laser gyro inertial navigation system and global positioning system (RLGINS/GPS) and a digital terrain system. Rafael developed the algorithms for the digital terrain system.
F-16I SOUFA FIGHTER WEAPON SYSTEMS
Elbit is supplying the aircraft's central mission computer, the signal processing unit for the displays and the stores management systems. RADA Electronics Industries in Netanya, Israel, and Smiths Aerospace, USA, have developed the aircraft's data acquisition system with an advanced digital data server and data recording system. Israel Military Industries supplies most of the weapons pylons and racks and the external fuel tanks.
The mission data and video is downloaded to a ground debriefing station provided by RADA. The system has potential for three-dimensional, multi-aircraft mission creation.
The Rafael Litening II targeting and navigation pod is equipped with a third generation forward looking infrared (FLIR), charge-coupled device (CCD) television, laser spot tracker and rangefinder and infrared marker. The system enables the pilot to detect, identify, acquire and track ground targets for the delivery of conventional and precision guided weapons, such as laser guided or GPS guided bombs.
The aircraft is also equipped with the Lockheed Martin LANTIRN navigation pod which provides night navigation and all-weather automatic terrain following.
F-16I SOUFA FIGHTER AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES
The air-to-air missiles will be the short range Python 4 and Python 5 and the short range to beyond visual range radar-guided Derby, both supplied by Rafael.
The all-weather Derby has an active radar seeker, look down / shoot down capability, lock on before or after launch, and programmable electronic counter countermeasures (ECCM). The lock on before launch mode is deployed for tight dogfights.
The F16I will be equipped with the Rafael Python 5 air-to-air missile when development has been completed. The Python 5 is capable of lock on after launch and uses imaging infrared guidance. The new seeker uses a dual wavelength focal plane array and is equipped with robust infrared counter countermeasures capability.
F-16I SOUFA FIGHTER AIR-TO-GROUND SYSTEMS
The air-to-surface weapons are carried on the two pairs of inboard underwing stations and include anti-ship missiles, anti-radiation missiles, laser guided bombs, GPS guided bombs and Israeli Military Industries (IMI) runway attack munitions. The F-16 aircraft has been used in carriage trials of IMI's STAR-1 anti-radiation weapon which is in the development phase.
F-16I SOUFA FIGHTER COUNTERMEASURES
The electronic warfare suite, being supplied by Elisra, includes radar warning receivers, missile approach warners and jamming systems, including the Elisra SPS 3000 self-protection jammer which is installed in the large spine. The chaff and flare dispenser is supplied by Rokar.
F-16I SOUFA FIGHTER RADAR
The aircraft has the Northrop Grumman AN/APG-68(V)9 multi-mode radar, which has five times the processing speed and ten times the memory capacity of the previous APG-68 radars on the F-16. Elta is involved in the co-production of the radar.
The modes of operation include high resolution synthetic aperture (SAR) ground mapping and terrain following. The radar provides autonomous, all-weather, stand-off precision weapon delivery. Air-to-air modes include range while search, air combat mode, multiple target track while scan, cluster resolution, single target tracking and target illumination pulse Doppler tracking. The radar increases the air-to-air detection range by 30% compared to earlier generation systems.
F-16I SOUFA FIGHTER ENGINES
The Soufa is powered by the Pratt and Whitney F100-PW-229 Increased Performance Engine (IPE). This new, more powerful engine allows the aircraft a maximum take-off weight of 23,582kg. The aircraft is also fitted
imd escribió:precisamente lo que quiere la hha sera aprender a combatir una maquina tan fantastica como el su30mki
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